| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are components that convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a device that collects sunlight to convert heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural heritage, notable attractions, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the natural illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily electrons. It drives countless systems and networks, facilitating today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to run various electronic devices. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that changes DC created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and utility connection. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing safe, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, typically used in home and business power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to determine the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like meters, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This power is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for future use, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, cut down energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels tracks the progress and innovations in solar energy tech from the initial invention of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency solar arrays. It highlights significant innovations, including the development of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have greatly improved power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His tests laid the foundation for comprehending how light interacts with certain materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US innovator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned R&D organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile solid material with a bluish-gray metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system performance, enables better performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a green and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle representing a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It plays a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental concept behind solar cell technology, enabling the utilization of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the same voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electric power is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and renewable energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a unit of energy transfer rate in the metric system, indicating the rate of energy transfer or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the power per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a metal wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is necessary for energizing electronic gadgets and facilitating the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere represents the standard of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and power of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that converts DC from supplies like cells or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It permits the application of standard electrical devices in settings where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar modules to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This system boosts the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the operating point to match the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology guarantees the best performance power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, offering valuable data on energy generation and system condition. It aids enhance solar energy output by detecting problems ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless tiny silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline form appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent formation allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of thin film solar method that presents a economical and efficient solution for extensive solar energy production. They are recognized for their excellent absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic cells that use a composite compound of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into power efficiently. They are known for their great absorption efficiency, flexibility, and capability for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and flexible characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n connections arranged in unison to collect a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are primarily employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that convert solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, delivering a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These layers are crucial in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of material spanning fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in thickness, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or widths, commonly in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a fine, ring-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the foundational material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They employ a stratified semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight straight into electrical energy with remarkable effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They provide a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based compounds, to transform sunlight into electricity. They are compact, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous semiconductor substance used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations details various extensive solar energy installations around the globe, demonstrating their capacities and sites. These stations play a important role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, petroleum, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as plumbum, mercury, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a solar cell generates sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This development is revolutionizing the world energy sector by raising the share of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bends light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights cancel each other out, resulting in a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when these waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, enabling cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact entity used to transform DC from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system performance by maximizing power output at the panel level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical connector used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a reliable and consistent link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global safety certification organization that assesses and approves products to ensure they comply with certain safety requirements. It helps consumers and companies recognize dependable and protected products through strict evaluation and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single way only, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical energy for multiple devices and attachments inside a car. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking hardware to computing systems, allowing data transmission and power supply. It supports a broad spectrum of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external drives, and mobile phones, with multiple versions providing increased speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy generation and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to gamma radiation, each with varied lengths and energies. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, medical imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on shades of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and conveyance of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large body of atmosphere with relatively even temperature and moisture properties, deriving from from specific starting regions. These airmass affect climate trends and air situations as they move across diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dirt, and impurities on the panels of solar panels, which reduces their efficiency. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to limit energy loss and ensure best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak ability to generate electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to determine the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal chemical element necessary for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that make it beneficial in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of using land for both solar energy output and farming, optimizing space and resources. This method improves crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of numerous solar panels arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to produce renewable, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the usability and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant space for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a target object. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the direction of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy integration and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion watts, used to quantify massive electricity production and usage. It is typically associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in solar PV energy solutions, focused on producing thin-film solar panels that deliver excellent efficiency and low-cost power generation. The company is focused on green energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly connecting various elements of factory and automated systems to enhance performance and dependability. It focuses on creating advanced solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese-based company specializing in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to describe the capacity of massive power production or consumption. It emphasizes the immense power magnitude involved in current power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost decreases as overall production increases, due to learning curve and optimization achieved over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, green energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that green energy technologies are economically viable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to produce heat. It represents a green, renewable, and planet-friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in domestic, commercial, and factory environments to generate renewable, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered items features a range of tools that capture sunlight to produce energy, promoting green and sustainable living. These products include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, providing multi-purpose alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses and mirrors focusing sunlight onto advanced photovoltaic cells, significantly enhancing power output from a compact footprint. This method works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers a viable solution to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
