Solar panel | Solar panel serve as instruments that transform sunlight into using PV cells. These are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to produce heat, generally used for hot water production or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, famous sights, and lively cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of undulating terrain, historic forts, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy resulting from the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It powers numerous devices and systems, enabling modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that stores chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to run various digital equipment. It consists of one or more galvanic cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an green energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home use and grid integration. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing reliable, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, usually used in home and commercial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to determine the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess power generated from renewable energy or the grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells documents the progress and advancements in solar power tech from the early discovery of the solar effect to current advanced solar arrays. It features significant milestones, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have significantly enhanced power transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His research laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with specific media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US innovator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile solid substance with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology enhances system efficiency, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to offer a green and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a elementary particle which represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds convert sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind solar panel systems, allowing the utilization of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power represents the speed at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of power in the SI system, indicating the rate of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the work per unit charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the voltage per unit charge between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in amps. It is necessary for supplying electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electric flow in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and size of power systems to ensure secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that transforms DC from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It permits the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the position of solar modules to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power output of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to align with the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure guarantees the best performance energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and evaluates the efficiency of solar panel systems in real-time, providing important data on power output and system health. It aids enhance solar energy output by identifying faults ahead of time and guaranteeing highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many tiny silicon crystal structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a single crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its consistent structure allows for better electron transfer, resulting in superior efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of thin-film solar technology that provides a affordable and high-performance alternative for massive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their excellent absorption capability and moderately low manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible photovoltaic devices that use a composite compound of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy effectively. They are recognized for their great absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and possibility for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular structure, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ several p-n junctions layered together to capture a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly applied in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that transform sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, offering a economical approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are crucial in electronic devices, optical systems, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of substance spanning fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in thickness, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optical technologies, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate gauges used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or widths, commonly in machining and production. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, round piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film solar units known for their superior output and adaptability, ideal for multiple fields. They utilize a stratified semiconductor structure that turns sunlight directly into power with remarkable performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for household, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to transform solar radiation into electricity. They are lightweight, pliable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic compound used in laminate solar cells due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their power and sites. These facilities play a important role in green energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale installations that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, breezes, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels, reducing environmental impact and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the main energy sources for power production and transportation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as plumbum, Hg, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how effectively a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into convertible energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent component that bends light to focus or spread out rays, producing images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It improves the sharpness and illumination of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels counteract each other, causing a decrease or complete elimination of the combined wave. This event usually happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally over time, enabling effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a small component used to transform DC from a single solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the panel level and simplifies installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in residences and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical connector used to provide direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that guarantee a firm and dependable attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a worldwide security approval agency that tests and approves products to guarantee they comply with particular safety requirements. It helps consumers and companies recognize dependable and protected products through rigorous evaluation and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the same electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that allows current to pass in a single sense only, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to deliver electrical energy for various devices and accessories inside of a car. It allows users to charge electronic electronics or operate small appliances when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking hardware to computers, allowing data transfer and power supply. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and smartphones, with different generations delivering higher speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy production and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to gamma rays, featuring varied wavelengths and energies. This range is essential for many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to calculate the strength of energy or power received or emitted over a particular surface, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and transfer of radiation across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with comparatively consistent thermal and humidity characteristics, originating from particular starting zones. These air masses impact climate trends and atmospheric states as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the intensity per unit area received from the solar source in the type of light. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dirt, and impurities on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their output. Routine maintenance and maintenance are essential to minimize energy loss and maintain maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to produce electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to check the potential difference between two locations in a electrical system. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element essential for plant growth and employed in various industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that render it beneficial in manufacturing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method improves crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of numerous solar modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to generate clean, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astronomy to indicate the direction of an target in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in driving solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of power equal to one billion W, used to assess massive power generation production and usage. It is typically associated with power plants, power grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in producing thin film solar cells that provide high efficiency and affordable energy production. The company is dedicated to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly integrating various components of factory and automation systems to enhance performance and reliability. It aims on building innovative solutions that facilitate smooth communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based company specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar goods and services. It is known for its advanced technology and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the potential of massively scaled power generation or consumption. It underscores the vast energy extent involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost drops as cumulative output rises, due to gaining knowledge and optimization achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of stored knowledge in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, renewable energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are financially viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a system of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a green, renewable, and planet-friendly energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, business, and factory environments to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered items features a range of devices that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, providing versatile solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus reflectors focusing sunlight on advanced solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from a compact footprint. This approach is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |