Solar panel | Solar array act as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. These are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of undulating terrain, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that blend tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for existence on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a form of power due to the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It powers innumerable appliances and systems, enabling today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction stream of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that holds chemical energy and converts it into current to run various digital equipment. It consists of one or more electrochemical units, each housing electrode pairs separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that transforms DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing safe, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, generally used in residential and industrial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to determine the dimension, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy costs, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels tracks the progress and improvements in solar energy tech from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to current high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It showcases key milestones, including the development of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have substantially improved energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the basis for understanding how illumination interacts with particular media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a tough, breakable solid solid with a blue-grey shine, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach increases system performance, enables improved performance monitoring, and improves energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar panels to provide a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a fundamental particle that represents a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, fixtures, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy is the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy transfer or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the energy per single charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, usually measured in amperes. It is crucial for energizing electronic devices and enabling the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the unit of electrical flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and capacity of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for charging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) from sources like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the orientation of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the daytime, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the energy production of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process provides the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and evaluates the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system health. It assists maximize solar power output by detecting faults early and ensuring optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar panels to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless tiny silicon lattice structures, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its creation involves melting and restructuring silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a kind of film solar system that provides a cost-effective and high-performance alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and relatively affordable manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that employ a composite material of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their great light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and possibility for lightweight, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic arrangement, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections layered together to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that transform solar radiation into electricity to power onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize optics or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for massive solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a economical solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for high efficiency and bendability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological applications. These layers are essential in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision gauges used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, generally in machining and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a fine, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible photovoltaic devices famous for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for various uses. They employ a stratified semiconductor structure that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, supplying a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that employ organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electricity. They are easy to handle, pliable, and provide cost-effective, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in thin-film solar modules due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations details various large-scale solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their capacities and locations. These plants play a crucial role in green energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in clean energy production, lessening dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels, reducing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This expansion is changing the international energy scene by raising the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bending light to bring together or separate rays, forming images. It is frequently used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It improves the crispness and brightness of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, resulting in a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when these waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave over time, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact device used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system performance by maximizing power output at the module level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the potential difference and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver DC power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that provide a secure and trustworthy connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international protection certification agency that assesses and certifies products to ensure they comply with particular safety standards. It assists consumers and businesses identify reliable and protected products through thorough assessment and examination procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a solid-state device that allows current to flow in one way only, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to provide electrical energy for various devices and add-ons within a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic electronics or use small appliances when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral devices to PCs, enabling information exchange and power delivery. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as keyboards, pointer devices, external storage, and cell phones, with various revisions offering faster speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, each with diverse lengths and energies. This band is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural events, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a crucial role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on alterations of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to quantify the strength of energy or power received or emitted over a specific surface, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the spread and transfer of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to depict the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with fairly consistent thermal and humidity properties, coming from from certain origin zones. These airmass impact weather systems and atmospheric conditions as they pass through different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the power per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, impacting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of dirt, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar arrays, which decreases their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and care are important to minimize energy waste and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power generation of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak potential to produce electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to check the electrical potential between separate points in a circuit. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant development and employed in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that render it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of several solar modules arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that provides shade and cover from the conditions for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a pleasant area for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a point of interest. It is often used in wayfinding, surveying, and astronomy to define the orientation of an target relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess big power generation generation and utilization. It is typically associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in producing thin film-based solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and economical energy production. The company is focused on eco-friendly energy development and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly linking various parts of industrial and automation systems to improve performance and reliability. It aims on creating advanced solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese company specializing in producing and developing solar solar items and systems. It is known for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion watts, often used to indicate the capacity of massive electricity production or consumption. It highlights the vast power extent involved in modern power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost reduces as cumulative output increases, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of stored knowledge in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity means that renewable energy sources are cost-effectively viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a system of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a renewable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, business, and manufacturing sites to generate green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered goods features a variety of devices that harness sunlight to convert energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include covering solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, delivering flexible solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a installation that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors focusing solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture from less space. This method is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |